Journal: Eye and Vision

Article Title: Sexual dimorphism in keratoconus: transcriptomic and hormonal mechanisms underlying stromal remodelling

doi: 10.1186/s40662-026-00478-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Collagen and α-SMA expression in HCSFs after testosterone stimulation. a , b Western blot showing type I/III collagen and α-SMA expression in HCSFs after testosterone stimulation (50, 100, or 200 pmol/mL; n = 5 per group). c , d Immunofluorescence staining showing protein-expression levels in HCSFs after treatment with 50 pmol/mL testosterone (n = 5 per group). e , f Western blot analysis and quantification of protein-expression levels in HCSFs after treatment with 50 pmol/mL testosterone and 10 μmol/mL flutamide (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h; n = 5 per group). Baseline expression levels in untreated cells are shown in panels ( a ) and ( b ) f(0 pmol/mL testosterone). g , h Immunofluorescence staining and quantification showing protein-expression levels in HCSFs after treatment with 50 pmol/mL testosterone and 10 μmol/mL flutamide (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h; n = 5 per group). Col, collagen; HCSF, human corneal stromal fibroblast; SMA, smooth muscle actin; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Antibodies against type I collagen (14695-1-AP, Proteintech), type III collagen (22734-1-AP, Proteintech), and α-SMA (14395-1-AP, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, and anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor 594, Invitrogen) was used as a secondary antibody.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Eye and Vision

Article Title: Sexual dimorphism in keratoconus: transcriptomic and hormonal mechanisms underlying stromal remodelling

doi: 10.1186/s40662-026-00478-0

Figure Lengend Snippet: Collagen and α-SMA expression in HCSFs treated with fulvestrant and β-oestradiol. a , b Western blot analysis and quantification showing type I/III collagen and α-SMA expression in HCSFs after fulvestrant treatment (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/mL; n = 5 per group). c , d Immunofluorescence staining and quantification showing protein-expression levels in HCSFs after 1 μmol/mL fulvestrant treatment (n = 5 per group). e , f Western blot analysis and quantification showing protein-expression levels in HCSFs after treatment with 1 μmol/mL fulvestrant and 2 pmol/mL β-oestradiol (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h; n = 5 per group). g , h Immunofluorescence staining and quantification showing protein-expression levels in HCSFs after treatment with 1 μmol/mL fulvestrant and 2 pmol/mL β-oestradiol (2 h, 4 h, and 6 h; n = 5 per group). Col, collagen; HCSF, human corneal stromal fibroblast; SMA, smooth muscle actin; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; MFI, mean fluorescence intensity; * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001, and **** P < 0.0001

Article Snippet: Antibodies against type I collagen (14695-1-AP, Proteintech), type III collagen (22734-1-AP, Proteintech), and α-SMA (14395-1-AP, Proteintech) were used as primary antibodies, and anti-rabbit IgG (Alexa Fluor 594, Invitrogen) was used as a secondary antibody.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: Journal of Inflammation Research

Article Title: Berberine Ameliorates Diabetic Kidney Disease by Modulating Macrophage Polarization via Inhibiting IL-17A Signaling

doi: 10.2147/JIR.S580534

Figure Lengend Snippet: BBR inhibits high glucose-induced fibrosis on NRK-52E cells. ( A and B ) Representative immunofluorescence images and quantification for Collagen I, α-SMA, and E-cadherin. Scale bar = 50μm. *P < 0.05 vs the model group.

Article Snippet: Subsequently, cells were incubated with primary antibodies against Collagen I (Proteintech, 14695-1-AP, 1:500), ɑ-SMA (Proteintech, 14395-1-AP, 1:2000), and E-cadherin (Proteintech, 20874-1-AP, 1:500) for 2 hours at room temperature.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence

Journal: Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

Article Title: Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mitigates Glucose Fluctuation-Induced Aortic Valve Fibrosis: Insights From Diabetic Rat Models

doi: 10.31083/RCM42804

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibition of TNF- α mitigates glucose fluctuations-induced aortic valve fibrosis . (A,B,D,E) Immunohistochemical staining for collagen 1 and 3 (indicated by arrows) demonstrated enhanced collagen deposition in the aortic valves of the HG and GF diabetic rat models. However, treatment with infliximab was observed to mitigate this collagen accumulation. (C,F) Immunohistochemical analysis for α -SMA (arrows) revealed an increased fibrotic response in the aortic valves of the diabetic rats in the HG and GF groups; however, infliximab treatment reduced this progression (n = 5 per group). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc corrections to account for multiple comparisons (Fig. D–F). * p < 0.05, scale bar = 50 µm or 100 µm. α -SMA, α -smooth muscle actin.

Article Snippet: Additionally, primary polyclonal rabbit antibodies against collagen 1 (14695-1-AP, Proteintech Group, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and collagen 3 (227345-1-AP, Proteintech Group, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) were procured from Proteintech, USA.

Techniques: Inhibition, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining

Journal: Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine

Article Title: Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Mitigates Glucose Fluctuation-Induced Aortic Valve Fibrosis: Insights From Diabetic Rat Models

doi: 10.31083/RCM42804

Figure Lengend Snippet: TNF- α -mediated inflammation could exacerbate fibrosis in vitro in porcine aortic valve interstitial cells across different glucose levels . (A,B,E,F) In the primary porcine aortic valve interstitial cells (pAVICs) groups, both HG and GF conditions were found to upregulate collagen 1 protein expression. Moreover, the proinflammatory cytokine TNF- α aggravated this upregulation under HG conditions, with an even more pronounced effect observed under GF conditions. Conversely, the inhibition of TNF- α could reverse these upregulations in both the HG and GF groups. (C,D,G,H) TGF- β 1 protein expression increased under both HG and GF conditions, with TNF- α further enhancing this increase, especially under GF conditions. The inhibition of TNF- α reversed these effects in both groups (n = 4 per group). The data are presented as the mean ± SEM. Statistical analyses were conducted utilizing one-way ANOVA, followed by post hoc corrections to account for multiple comparisons (Fig. E–H). * p < 0.05.

Article Snippet: Additionally, primary polyclonal rabbit antibodies against collagen 1 (14695-1-AP, Proteintech Group, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and collagen 3 (227345-1-AP, Proteintech Group, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) were procured from Proteintech, USA.

Techniques: In Vitro, Expressing, Inhibition